The reader knows that with putting something in the
beginning of a phrase it gets an emphasis. The same
happens in German.
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Let's have a look at an example |
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I can
come to your place tomorrow, if you like.
= Ich kann
morgen zu dir kommen, wenn du willst. |
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Tomorrow I
can come to
your place, if you like.
= Morgen kann
ich zu dir
kommen, wenn du willst. |
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Even though in both languages (English and German)
something is stressed when putting it in the beginning
of the phrase, there is a big difference in the position
of the elements in a phrase. In both versions in English
the subject is in front of the verb. But in German it
is not. If a German phrase starts with a direct object,
an indirect object, an adverbial qualification or and
adverb, the subject goes behind
the verb. In other words there is the inversion of the
position of the elements. To be a bit more precise the
subject goes behind the first conjugated verb. In general
the meaning of a sentence is different depending on
whether the phrase starts with an object or an adverbial
qualification etc.. The condition when using a phrase
that starts with a direct object is different from the
condition when the phrase starts with a subject. Nevertheless
the differences in meaning are the same no matter whether
it's English or German. There should not be any problem
for you to understand the differences in meaning of
the following sentences.
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Let's have a look at
some examples |
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Er schenkt seinem
Sohn ein Auto. |
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He gives a car to his son. |
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Wem
schenkt er ein Auto?* |
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To whom he gives a car? |
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Seinem
Sohn |
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To his son. |
|
Was
schenkt er seinem Sohn?* |
|
What does he give to his
son? |
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Ein
Auto |
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A car. |
|
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An example
in Perfekt |
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|
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Er hat seinem
Sohn ein Auto geschenkt. |
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He has given a car to his son. |
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Wem
hat er ein Auto geschenkt? |
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To whom has he given a car? |
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Seinem
Sohn |
|
To his son. |
|
Was
hat er seinem Sohn geschenkt? |
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What has he given to his
son? |
|
Ein
Auto |
|
A car. |
|
|
An example
with a personal pronoun for the indirect object |
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Er hat ihm
ein Auto geschenkt. |
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He has given him a car. |
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Wem
hat er ein Auto geschenkt? |
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To w hom has he given a car? |
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Ihm
|
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Him. |
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Was
hat er ihm geschenkt? |
|
What has he given to him? |
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Ein
Auto |
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A car? |
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With two personal pronouns for
the direct and the indirect object |
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Er hat es
ihm geschenkt.
|
|
He has given it to him. |
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Wem
hat er es
geschenkt? |
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To whom has he given it? |
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Ihm
|
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To him. |
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An example
with an adverb of time |
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Er hat ihm heute
ein Auto geschenkt. |
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Today he has given him a car. |
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Wann
hat er es ihm geschenkt? |
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When has he given it to
him? |
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Heute
|
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Today. |
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* Don't mind the interrogative phrases. We use them here
to put the affirmative phrases into a more realistic context.
We are going to discuss interrogative phrases in detail
in the following chapter Interrogative
phrases.
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