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     Table of Contents Chapter 15 15.3 Present perfect / Perfect
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Chapter 15: Past Tenses

  15.3 Present perfect / Perfect


The present perfect is a compound tense that is formed with a modal verb and the perfect participle.

pronoun modal verb perfect participle
  I have talked
  you have talked
  he has talked
  we have talked
  you have talked
  they have talked

Actually it works the same in other European languages (if you care to know):

Spanish
  Yo he venido. = I have come.
Yo he comprado una casa. = I have bought a house.

Italian
  Io sono venuto. = I have come
Io ho comprato una casa. = I have bought a house.

French
  Je suis venu. = I have come.
J´ai acheté une maison. = I have bought a house.

The last two examples have one thing more in common with German. They use different modal verbs for different verb types. Participles of intransitive verbs (the ones that don't need a direct object) are formed with the verb to be. Participles of transitive verbs are formed with the verb to have.

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